link

http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~ef/ComputerXHistory/EarlyHistory/index.htm

Guys this link is very Useful

We had a meeting to dividing the duration of computer,
we use some references as well. for example,

http://www.computerhope.com/history/1800.htm

we decided to  start our work with this schedule
Sanaz and Sara will work on these four years

1900-1940 1940-1960

1960-1980

1980-1990

And Danoosh, Amir and Arina will work on
1990-2000
 2000-2002
2000-2005
2005-2010

history of computers

History of Computing

1. 3000 B.C., abacus: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
   
   
2. 1642, Pascaline; addition (invented by Blaise Pascal at age 18)
   
   
3. 1694, Gottfried Wilhem von Leibniz; extended the Pascaline to include multiplication
   
   
4. 1769, Turk; the first 'computer' chess game?
   
   
5. 1820, the arithometer by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar; addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
   
   

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6. 1832, analytical engine by Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace; steam powered general purpose computing machine
   
   
7. 1889, Tabulating Machine Company (now, IBM) by Herman Hollerith; general purpose computing -- tallied the U.S. Census in 6 weeks (as opposed to 7-10 years).
   
   

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8. 1994, Howard Aiken built first all electronic computer for the U.S. Navy -- the machine was 1/2 the length of a football field and contained 500 miles of wiring (operated at 5 instructions per second)
   
   
9. 1944, Eniac; weighed 30 tons, drawing enough energy to dim the lights of Philadelphia when it was run (operated at 5000 instructions per second)
   
   
10. 1944, John von Neumann introduced several important concepts that remain in modern-day computers: (1) stored programs and data; (2) conditional control transfer; (3) interrupt and resume execution; (4) central processing unit.
    
    

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11. The future?

    I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.
     &nbsp-- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
    
    Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons.
     &nbsp-- Popular Mechanics, 1949
    
    

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12. 1956, IBM Stretch; transistors replaced vacuum tubes (operated at 50,000 instructions per second, cost: $3.5 million)
    
    
13. ~1957, first programming languages are introduced (COBOL, FORTRAN), computers operating at 100,000 instructions per second
    
    
14. 1958, Jack Kilby developed the integrated circuit allowing computers to get smaller, faster, cheaper (computers operating at 1-10 million instructions per second)
    
    
15. 1970s; commercially available minicomputers (Commodore, Radio Shack, and Apple)
    
    
16. 1980's; Atari, PacMan -- video games drove the demand for better and more affordable computers
    
    
17. 1981, IBM PC
    
    
18. 1984, Apple Macintosh (operating at 10-100 million instructions per second).

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19. The future?

    There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.
       --Ken Olson, CEO, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977
    
    

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20. 1990s personal computers are operating at 1-2 GHz (1000 million to 2000 million instructions per second)
    
    
21. if automobiles improved with the same rate as computers then our car would:
    • cost: $4,000
    • top speed: 60,000 mph
    • seating: 10,000 people
    • fuel efficiency: 20,000 mpg
    • reliability: breaks every 70 years
    
    
22. 1997, IBM's Deep Blue beat chess champion Gary Kasparov
    
    
23. 2000, more computers are sold than televisions
    
    
24. 2002, Microsoft revenues are 7.1 billion dollars/year
    
    
25. 2000s, personal computers are operating at 2-4 GHz (2000 million to 4000 million instructions per second)
    
    

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26. Moore's Law: computer speed roughly doubles every 18 months!
    
    

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27. The future? (speed and access)  

http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/teaching/cs4/summer.08/notes/historyofcomputing/
(Reference)

Ideation of our work

After discussion that we had in our group we decided to make a story about the history of computer regarding to previous lessons that we had in MIT class. As references we can use Dr. Neo’s lectur notes which are representing he history of computer and IT.

We are going to start with Abacus computer as the first computers and then finish our story with the new Macbooks and iPhone and other latest computer models. In a simple word we are going to show the process of computer technology development since the first machines up to now.